A Systematic Literature Review on the Role of Sustainable Building Materials in Enhancing Environmental Efficiency in Developing Countries

Abstract

A literature review is essential in academic research because it examines existing studies related to the topic and identifies gaps requiring further investigation. In the field of sustainable building materials, previous research emphasizes the environmental, economic, and social dimensions of sustainability, which are particularly important in developing countries. These regions often face resource limitations, rapid population growth, and infrastructure challenges, making sustainable construction both necessary and difficult to implement. Sustainable building materials offer notable technical and environmental advantages, including high durability, low thermal conductivity, strong insulation performance, recyclability, and ease of maintenance. Materials such as recycled concrete, sustainably sourced timber, and compressed clay bricks have shown effectiveness in reducing energy use and carbon emissions during construction and operation. Their adoption in developing countries can also lower long-term costs, improve indoor environmental quality, and support local economies. However, widespread use is hindered by high initial costs, limited technical expertise, low public awareness, and the absence of clear regulations. A major research gap remains: there is a lack of long-term applied studies evaluating the real-world performance and economic feasibility of sustainable materials in developing nations. Addressing this gap is crucial for guiding policies and promoting resilient and sustainable construction